The 10 Dog Breeds Most Prone to Health Problems (and How to Help Them Thrive)

Every dog deserves a happy, healthy life — but not all breeds are created equal when it comes to genetics. Some beloved breeds are unfortunately predisposed to chronic conditions due to their size, shape, or selective breeding. Understanding which breeds face higher risks helps pet owners take proactive steps toward prevention.

Below are the top 10 dog breeds prone to health problems, along with practical advice from the veterinarians at Tri-County Animal Hospital in Wayne, NJ, for keeping them healthy and thriving.

1. Bulldog (English Bulldog)

Health Risks: Breathing issues, hip dysplasia, cherry eye, skin infections.
Why: Their flat faces (brachycephalic structure) make it hard to breathe, especially in heat. Regular vet visits and weight control are essential.

2. Pug

Health Risks: BOAS, eye ulcers, spinal deformities, obesity.
Why: That adorable short nose comes at a cost — poor airflow and vulnerable eyes. Keep Pugs cool and avoid overexertion.

3. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Health Risks: Heart disease, syringomyelia, ear infections.
Why: Inherited heart conditions are common. Annual cardiac screenings can save lives.

4. German Shepherd

Health Risks: Hip/elbow dysplasia, degenerative myelopathy, bloat.
Why: Large size and sloped back increase orthopedic risks. Keep weight down and encourage moderate exercise.

5. Labrador Retriever

Health Risks: Obesity, hip/elbow dysplasia, ear infections.
Why: Labs love food — so portion control is key. Regular activity prevents joint stress.

6. Dachshund

Health Risks: Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), obesity.
Why: Their long backs make them prone to slipped discs. Prevent jumping from heights and maintain a lean physique.

7. Boxer

Health Risks: Heart disease, cancer, hip dysplasia.
Why: Genetic predisposition to cardiomyopathy and tumors means regular screenings are vital.

8. Shar Pei

Health Risks: Skin infections, eye issues, hip dysplasia.
Why: Their beautiful wrinkles can trap bacteria. Daily cleaning prevents painful inflammation.

9. French Bulldog

Health Risks: Breathing issues, spine deformities, skin allergies.
Why: Like their English cousins, Frenchies have the brachycephalic facial structure. Avoid heat and strenuous play.

10. Rottweiler

Health Risks: Hip dysplasia, bone cancer, heart disease.
Why: Large frame + fast growth = joint and cancer risk. Keep Rotties fit with low-impact exercise.

Healthy Habits for Every Breed

No matter the breed, these tips help reduce health risks:

Maintain a balanced diet and keep your pet at a healthy weight.
Schedule annual wellness exams and keep your pet up to date on vaccines
Regular dental checkups and professional dental cleaning and care when needed.
Choose ethical breeders who perform genetic testing.

Knowledge is power — and when you know what to watch for, you can help your pup live a long, joyful life